How and why do win–win strategies work in engaging policy-makers to implement Health in All Policies? A multiple-case study of six state- and national-level governments

Table 3 Quality of evidence within and across cases

Triangulation	Evidence that is supported by multiple sources (i.e. literature and interviews); assessed at single case stage of analysis^a
Strong	Thick evidence from three or more sources of data (e.g. literature or different types of informants)
Adequate	Thick evidence from two sources of data (e.g. literature or different types of informants)
Limited	Thick evidence from only one source of data (i.e. literature or type of informant)
Thin evidence only	Only thin evidence available
No evidence	No evidence was generated
Strength of Evidence Across Cases	The degree of support for the hypotheses within either the literal or contrast replication for a given hypothesis across cases; assessed at cross-case stage of analysis
High	Support is high when triangulation is at least adequate across 60% or more of cases
Medium	Support is medium when triangulation is at least adequate across 40% of cases
Low	Support is low when there is less than 40% adequacy
Thin evidence only	Only thin evidence available
No support	No thick or thin evidence was found (i.e. the hypothesis was not discussed by key informants or in the literature)

^a Different types of key informants (e.g. civil servants in different sectors, such as health and transportation, politicians, activists/advocates, academics) can be considered a unique type of data/‘source’

ISSN: 1478-4505